panelist questions (1) how would you characterize past progress and current efforts to characterize, understand or model behaviors of large-scale systems, such as the Internet, where the artifacts being studied are complex and require more detailed understanding of traffic behavior? (2) it has been argued that `good data outlives bad theory'. what are impediments to acquiring a representative set of data points that capture Internet behavior in some significant way and what long-term vision is needed to overcome these impediments? (3) the challenge of scale, coupled with the lack of configuration-specific knowledge, calls for a more precise formulation of the measurement challenge and associated research directions. what role would the use of inference techniques and simulation play in yielding insights into behavior of current or future Internet protocols (transport, routing, etc)? what type of infrastructure must be available for resarchers not only to address current questions but new questions that cannot be adequately addressed by current tools?