In addition to the obvious use for images, floats can be used to produce column layouts.
<style>
.sidebar { width:5em; height: 100%; border:3px dashed red; }
.left { float: left; }
.right { float: right; }
</style>
<div class='left sidebar'> Floating left sidebar L1. </div>
<div class='left sidebar'> Floating left sidebar L2. </div>
<div class='right sidebar'> Floating right sidebar R1. </div>
<div style='background: lime;'>
The non-floating main box covers the full width,
but its contents don't overlap the floating sidebars.
</div>