challenge (4) resilient networking faults are norm rather than the exception component failures, human operational errors, software viruses, malicious attack NSF-articulated needs to support this challenge system development tools that reduce frequency & severity of bugs programming languages, environments, audit tools, runtime checking tools that reduce frequency & severity of config errors understandable, deployable, and usable security new approaches to the composition of modular elements new approaches to federation pervasive audit trails self-adaptive systems (automatic detection of and response to attacks, route changes, errors) that looks dangerously close to something we need now (sysadmins: if you don't see your name above you're not paying attention)